The Great Plague of Marseille: Triumph Over Tragedy

One of the most dramatic chapters in Marseille’s history occurred in 1720 when the city faced one of Europe’s last major outbreaks of the bubonic plague. Known as the Great Plague of Marseille, this devastating event tested the city’s resilience but also showcased its strength and determination to rebuild. 

The plague arrived aboard the ship Grand-Saint-Antoine, which docked in Marseille’s port in May 1720. Despite warnings and quarantine regulations, some cargo—luxury goods like silk and cotton—was unloaded to meet high demand. Unknown to the city’s officials, the ship carried infected rats and fleas, unleashing the deadly disease upon the population. The disease spread quickly, with the infected carrying it to nearby homes and streets. 

Within weeks, the plague spread rapidly, causing unimaginable suffering. By the end of the epidemic, nearly 100,000 people had perished—half of Marseille’s population and tens of thousands from surrounding areas. The city was overwhelmed, with mass graves dug to contain the mounting number of victims. Streets were deserted, businesses closed, and fear gripped the region. Families were torn apart as the death toll rose daily. 

Amid the chaos, heroic efforts emerged. Doctors, clergy, and ordinary citizens risked their lives to care for the sick and enforce quarantine measures. The city’s walls were fortified to prevent further spread, and neighboring towns imposed strict restrictions on Marseille’s residents. Though harsh, these measures eventually helped contain the outbreak. Infected individuals were isolated in quarantine camps, and public gatherings were strictly prohibited. 

After the plague subsided, Marseille faced the monumental task of rebuilding. Its economy, heavily reliant on trade, had been devastated. Yet, the city rebounded, implementing stricter health regulations and modernizing its infrastructure. The experience left an indelible mark, shaping Marseille’s identity as a resilient and resourceful city. 

Today, reminders of the Great Plague remain, such as the Old Charity hospital, built to house the poor and sick. Marseille’s ability to overcome such tragedy speaks to its enduring spirit, a testament to the city’s motto: “On craint dégun”—”We fear no one.” This phrase captures the essence of the city’s ability to endure even the most challenging of circumstances and emerge stronger than before.