The City of Light: From Bulbs to Brilliance

Eindhoven is often called the City of Light, a nickname that stems from its inseparable connection with Philips, the electronics company that put the city on the map in the 19th century. In 1891, Gerard and Frederik Philips opened a small factory on Emmasingel in Eindhoven, where they produced light bulbs. This simple technology revolutionized lighting, both in the Netherlands and beyond. 

At the time, Eindhoven was a modest rural town with a small population. The arrival of Philips transformed it dramatically. The company grew rapidly, attracting workers from far and wide, which had a significant demographic and economic impact on the city. To house these workers, Philips constructed entire neighborhoods, such as the renowned Philipsdorp. This district was a model of modern social policy, offering workers not only housing but also facilities like schools, shops, and sports fields. 

In addition to expanding production, Philips focused on innovation. In 1914, the Natural Sciences Laboratory (NatLab) was established, a place where scientists and engineers developed new technologies. The NatLab was the birthplace of innovations like the cassette tape and medical imaging. This pioneering spirit turned Eindhoven into not only an industrial hub but also a breeding ground for technological progress. 

In the 1990s, Philips relocated much of its production abroad, but the company’s impact on Eindhoven remains palpable. The city has successfully transformed into a center for design and technology. Events such as Dutch Design Week and the growth of Eindhoven University of Technology showcase how Philips’ innovative spirit lives on in the city. 

Today, visitors can explore Philips’ history at the Philips Museum, housed in the original factory on Emmasingel. The Evoluon, a futuristic building originally built by Philips as a science museum, remains an iconic symbol of the city. Eindhoven may no longer be the City of Light solely because of light bulbs, but it continues to shine through innovation and creativity.